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Virtual Trips to
Black Holes and Neutron Stars
by Robert Nemiroff (Michigan Technological University)

Ever wonder what it would look like to travel to a black hole? A neutron star? If so, you might find this page interesting. Here you will find descriptions and MPEG movies that take you on such exciting trips. These movies are scientifically accurate computer animations made with strict adherence to Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. The descriptions are written to be understandable on a variety of levels - from the casually curious to the professionally inquisitive. It is hoped that students from grade school to graduate school will find these virtual trips educational.

"A stimulating, relativistically accurate trip!"
- Kip Thorne
The Feynman Professor of Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Author of "Black Holes and Time Warps - Einstein's Outrageous Legacy"

Earth if compressed to ultracompact density and viewed from the photon sphere.

Written Description of Visible Distortion Effects
Below is a published paper understandable to undergraduates: "Visual Distortions Near a Black Hole and Neutron Star," Nemiroff, R. J. 1993, American Journal of Physics, 61, 619

* Introduction
* Gravitational Principles and Mathematics
* General Description of Visual Distortion Effects
* Neutron Star Trip Description with GIFs
* Black Hole Trip Description with GIFs
* Ultracompact Neutron Star Trip Description with GIFs
* Appendix: A simply stated problem (and solution)
* References

* Complete postscript text
* Postscript Figure 3d

Information and software on MPEG players are freely available from other sites.

Fantasy MPEG movie to a black hole
Gravity causes stars to have multiple images. Two images of the constellation of Orion are particularly apparent.

* Approaching the black hole. (182 k; explanation)
* Circling the black hole at some distance. (819 k; explanation)
* Approaching the photon sphere. (140 k; explanation)
* Looking up at the photon sphere. (46 k; explanation)
* Circling the black hole at the photon sphere. (452 k; explanation)

Still curious about black hole properties? Here Matt McIrvin answered some frequently asked questions about black holes to the internet newsgroup sci.physics.

Fantasy MPEG movie to a neutron star
The surface of the Earth has been mapped onto the neutron star to better allow the observer to follow the visual distortion effects caused by the high gravitational field.

* Approaching the neutron star. (147 k; fun)
* Circling the neutron star at some distance. (898 k; fun +)
* Landing on the neutron stars surface. (168 k; OK)
* Looking north on the neutron star's surface. (44 k; OK)
* Circling the neutron star just above its surface. (563 k; fun ++)

Fantasy MPEG movie to an ultracompact star
Note the color changes for the stars and surface as they get redshifted and blueshifted. The constellation Orion is visible in most sequences - can you find it?

* Approaching the ultracompact star. (196 k; fun)
* Circling the ultracompact star. (913 k; fun +)
* Descending to the photon sphere. (220 k; OK)
* Looking up at the photon sphere. (140 k; OK)
* Circling the ultracompact star at the photon sphere. (732 k; fun +)
* Descending to the ultracompact star's surface. (135 k; OK)
* Surveying the surface. (216 k; fun)
* Circling the ultracompact star just above the surface. (627 k; best movie)

All movie frames, text, and computer codes are written, edited, and copyrighted by Robert J. Nemiroff in 1994 and 1995 unless noted otherwise. They are not to be disseminated without his written permission. NASA is gratefully acknowledged for providing computer support for this educational project.

Current average number of accesses to this page per day: about 300.
Three other WWW astronomy education projects I help coordinate:
Astronomy Picture of the Day,
Great Debates in Astronomy held at the Smithsonian in Washington, DC,
The Astrophysics Source Code Library (ASCL or ASCL.net) is a free, on-line library housing source codes of all sizes that are of interest to astrophysicists. All ASCL.net source codes have been used to generate results published in or submitted to a refereed journal.

Robert Nemiroff (nemiroff@mtu.edu.nospam)